WEBVTT

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那么我们现在的城市总体规划中间碰到的防灾问题主要是这么几个
So the disaster prevention problems in our current urban master plan are mainly as follows

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第一个是用地灾害的
The first is land use disaster

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用地的地质灾害
Geological hazards of land use

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那么现在有这么一个情况
So now there are some problems

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就是说存在的问题是现在的建成区
The existing problem is that the built-up area

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已经建在易发生地质灾害的地区
has been built in areas prone to geological disasters

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这是第一个方面
This is the first aspect

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第二个已经批准实施的城市总体规划
Secondly, urban master plan that has been approved for implementation

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编制时候因为没有做地质灾害的评价工作
has not been evaluated for geological hazards at the time of compilation

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规划的城区是否安全
Whether the planned urban area is safe

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有的时候就很难以有权威可靠的依据
Sometimes it's hard to have an authoritative and reliable basis

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那么怎么做
So how to do it

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我们觉得应该是
We think it should be

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对策是这样
This is the strategy

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要分析明确处于高发地区的 在地区的这些活动
To analyze and clarify the land in high incidence areas

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的地震带上
Building urban areas on these

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的建城区
active seismic zones in the region

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这个方面应该考虑什么
What should be considered in this respect

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要迁移
To move and

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疏散人口
evacuate the population

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避开防灾的缓冲区
Avoid disaster buffer

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那么第二个结合规划方案
Then the second combination planning scheme

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合理的选择建设用地
Reasonable choice of construction land

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确保新建地区的建筑构筑物的安全
Ensure the safety of buildings and structures in new areas

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第三
Thirdly

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要在没有做地质再评估的地区的这些地方要补做地质灾害的评估
The geological hazard assessment should be made up in these places where no geological assessment has been made

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那么这就是像我已经主持做过的
So that's what I've done

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像我们云南施甸县城的总体规划
Like the master plan of Shidian County in Yunnan Province

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那么这也考虑到它是在上游有水库
Considering that it has a reservoir upstream

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旁边它是地震易发生地区
Next to it are earthquake prone areas

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那么这样的话如何来考虑布局的时候要避让
Then how to avoid disaster when considering layout

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如果万一发生地震
In case of an earthquake

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水库崩离大坝崩裂以后
After the reservoir collapses away from the dam

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水泻下来以后
After the water came down

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城区避免受到洪水的冲击
How to avoid the impact of flood on urban area

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那么我们当地城市规划中间碰到的防灾点
This is the disaster prevention point in our local urban planning

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第二个防灾点是外面城市的洪涝灾害
The second disaster prevention point is the flood disaster in the outside cities

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那么现在有这么几个问题
So now there are a few questions

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这个城市的抗御洪涝灾害的标准偏低
The standard of flood control in this city is low

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抗灾能力弱
Ability to resist disasters is weak

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再一个城市跨河发展
On the other hand, the city grew across the river

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那么它的防洪交通和景观问题的协调比较突出的
So the coordination of flood control traffic and landscape problems is quite prominent

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所以我们的对策是要避开洪水易发区
So our strategy is to avoid flood prone areas

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来选择城市的建设用地
To choose urban construction land

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第二个要根据城市所在地区的城市的暴雨强度公式
The second is to study the urban topography and geomorphology according to the rainstorm intensity formula

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还有水文的情况来研究城市地形地貌属性
and hydrological conditions of the city in the city area

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来科学确定防洪的排涝标准
To determine the flood control standard scientifically

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第三个综合布局城市内部和周边建设的桥梁
The third is the comprehensive layout of bridges

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堤坝
Dykes and dams

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滨河绿地
Riverside green space

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滨河路
Binhe Road

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还有像其它的各种各样的坝子等 各种各样的堤坝
And other kinds of dams, dikes built in and around the city

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那么这样的交通和景观工程设施
So such traffic and landscape engineering facilities

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它要满足防洪的要求
It should meet the requirements of flood control

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那么这个就像我们这一次日本的311地震引发的海啸
Like the tsunami caused by the 311 earthquake in Japan

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这样一来 海啸越过了它的海堤
The tsunami came over its seawall

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冲到陆地中来
and into the land

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这样引起了核电站的泄漏
Caused the leakage of nuclear power plant

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所以日本根据这个灾害的教训
So Japan learned from this disaster

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他们在提出城市的滨海地区用地和堤防的组合方式
They proposed a combination of land use and embankment in the coastal area of the city

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那么它第一个阶段是用于提防的 是防御海浪海潮的
The first stage is used to guard against waves and tides

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那么第二个阶段用于就是说是平灾的场地
Then the second stage is the site for disaster relief

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就是用于防灾疏散的
It's for disaster prevention and evacuation

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那么把建设的用地建在海啸所
Build the land for construction

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不能涉及到地区
in areas not covered by the tsunami

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那么这是比较安全的
It's safer

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那么城市总体规划中的第三个防震问题
So the third problem of earthquake prevention in urban master plan

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就是我们城市疏散安全通道和避难场所的布局
It's the layout of our city's evacuation routes and shelters

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那么这又碰到这么两个问题
So there are two problems

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一个是如何布局疏散的通道
One is how to arrange the evacuation passage

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第二个如何布局避难场所
Second, how to arrange the shelter

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那么这个里边要考虑 就是说我们的对策
So we have to think about our strategy in this

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第一个就是根据道路网的规划
The first is according to the planning of the road network

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我们综合考虑城市地形地貌
We comprehensively consider the natural environment conditions

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水系风向等自然环境条件
such as urban topography, water system, wind direction, etc

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那么要和城市的建设用地布局结构
Then it should be combined with the layout structure of urban construction land

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基础设施的布局状况结合
and the layout of infrastructure

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研究疏散通道的合理性
Study the rationality of evacuation routes

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并对道路网作出必要的调整
And make necessary adjustments to the road network

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这里面特别要强调的
What is particularly important in this

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如果我们一旦把这些道路确定为疏散通道以后
Once we identify these roads as evacuation routes

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必须保证这些道路在24小时之内发生地震
It must be ensured that these roads are accessible

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各种灾害的时候 车辆是通行的
when there is an earthquake or various disasters within 24 hours

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所以这样的话
So in this case

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对于道路两侧的建筑物的高度进行严加的控制
The height of buildings on both sides of the road must be strictly controlled

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对道路上空的构筑物必须进行严加的控制
So as the structure over the road

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这是疏散通道的确定
his is the rules of the evacuation passageway

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而不是我们想象中的把道路网中的道路都变成了
Instead of turning the roads in the road network into evacuation routes

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疏散通道
as we imagined

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而是我们确定主要的疏散通道是哪些
It's about identifying the main evacuation routes

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就必须力保它的
Then make sure it

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第二个对策
The second countermeasure

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在这个基础上
On this basis

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结合中小学 大型公共绿地 广场等规划布局
Combined with the planning and layout of primary and secondary schools, large-scale public green spaces, squares, etc

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考虑应急避难和长期避难场所的设计
Consider the design of emergency shelter and long-term shelter

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那么要注意这些场所的置设的安全和环境问题
So pay attention to the safety and environmental problems of these places

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这里面特别要考虑的就是第一个 这些场所设置
The first is the most important consideration, the setting up of these places

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一个是我谈到的是应急避难和长期避难
One is about emergency and long-term asylum I mentioned before

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应急避难指的是什么
What does emergency shelter mean

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发生地震的几分钟时间就要赶快的到逃到那些避难场所去
In a few minutes of the earthquake, we need to get to those shelters as soon as possible

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而且都是可以能站起来的
And people can stand upright

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那么长期避难是地震发生以后 房子倒塌了
So the long-term refuge is that after the earthquake, the house collapsed

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那么要在那住下来的 要有帐篷的或者板房的
And those who want to live there must have tents or plank houses

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那么这个人要能躺下来的
So this requires people to be able to lie down

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而且还要需要在里面要进行各种各样的生活活动的
And we need to have all kinds of activities in it

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所以用地面积也比较大
So the land area is also relatively large

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那么所以这里面首先考虑这种场所自身的安全
So first of all, consider the safety of this place

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这要考虑什么
What to think about

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它的服务半径
Its service radius

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就是我们避难场所的均等性
It's the equality of our shelters

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你要离这个比较方便
You need to be convenient

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才能好到那里去
to get there

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第四个问题就是我们城市生命线系统的安全
The fourth problem is the safety of our urban lifeline system

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那么我刚才谈到过了生命线系统
So I just talked about lifeline system

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它包括了我们的供电 通信 供水这些设施
It includes our power supply, communication and water supply facilities

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那当然这个地方还包括
Of course, it also includes

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医务救疗系统
the medical rescue system

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所以这样的话
So in this case

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城市这些系统的安全怎么考虑
How to consider the safety of these systems in cities

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那么现在碰到这么三个问题
So now here are three problems

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第一个是城市现有的生命线系统
The first is that the reserve capacity of the existing lifeline system

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它的备用容量小
in the city is small

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抗灾能力弱
Weak to resist disasters

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这是我们现在普遍存在
This is a common problem we have now

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第二个城市现有的生命系统的工程
The second is the project of urban existing life system

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管线的敷设的情况都比较差
The pipeline laying is poor

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这些管线都有大部分是老化了
Most of these pipelines are aging

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容易受到破坏
Vulnerable

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尤其是在老城区
Especially in the old city

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那么这些管线已经埋下去几十年了
So these pipelines have been buried for decades

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那么这个就是它的管系的老化比较突出
So this is the aging problem of its piping system

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第三个城市现有的生命系统
The third is that most of the existing life systems

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大部分设施都处于地面上的
in the city are on the ground

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容易受到袭击破坏
Vulnerable to attack

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所以这是我们在生命系统中的碰到三个问题
So these are the three problems we encounter in the life system