WEBVTT 1 00:00:19.190 --> 00:00:25.050 那么我们现在的城市总体规划中间碰到的防灾问题主要是这么几个 So the disaster prevention problems in our current urban master plan are mainly as follows 2 00:00:25.050 --> 00:00:27.580 第一个是用地灾害的 The first is land use disaster 3 00:00:27.860 --> 00:00:29.290 用地的地质灾害 Geological hazards of land use 4 00:00:29.740 --> 00:00:31.050 那么现在有这么一个情况 So now there are some problems 5 00:00:31.050 --> 00:00:35.310 就是说存在的问题是现在的建成区 The existing problem is that the built-up area 6 00:00:35.490 --> 00:00:38.920 已经建在易发生地质灾害的地区 has been built in areas prone to geological disasters 7 00:00:38.920 --> 00:00:40.140 这是第一个方面 This is the first aspect 8 00:00:40.530 --> 00:00:44.820 第二个已经批准实施的城市总体规划 Secondly, urban master plan that has been approved for implementation 9 00:00:44.820 --> 00:00:49.920 编制时候因为没有做地质灾害的评价工作 has not been evaluated for geological hazards at the time of compilation 10 00:00:50.110 --> 00:00:52.380 规划的城区是否安全 Whether the planned urban area is safe 11 00:00:52.380 --> 00:00:58.290 有的时候就很难以有权威可靠的依据 Sometimes it's hard to have an authoritative and reliable basis 12 00:00:58.290 --> 00:00:59.300 那么怎么做 So how to do it 13 00:00:59.580 --> 00:01:01.330 我们觉得应该是 We think it should be 14 00:01:01.580 --> 00:01:02.730 对策是这样 This is the strategy 15 00:01:02.730 --> 00:01:10.030 要分析明确处于高发地区的 在地区的这些活动 To analyze and clarify the land in high incidence areas 16 00:01:10.030 --> 00:01:12.770 的地震带上 Building urban areas on these 17 00:01:12.770 --> 00:01:14.500 的建城区 active seismic zones in the region 18 00:01:14.730 --> 00:01:16.730 这个方面应该考虑什么 What should be considered in this respect 19 00:01:16.730 --> 00:01:18.510 要迁移 To move and 20 00:01:18.810 --> 00:01:20.180 疏散人口 evacuate the population 21 00:01:20.920 --> 00:01:23.190 避开防灾的缓冲区 Avoid disaster buffer 22 00:01:24.090 --> 00:01:26.790 那么第二个结合规划方案 Then the second combination planning scheme 23 00:01:26.790 --> 00:01:29.130 合理的选择建设用地 Reasonable choice of construction land 24 00:01:29.300 --> 00:01:32.930 确保新建地区的建筑构筑物的安全 Ensure the safety of buildings and structures in new areas 25 00:01:33.480 --> 00:01:33.920 第三 Thirdly 26 00:01:34.450 --> 00:01:43.460 要在没有做地质再评估的地区的这些地方要补做地质灾害的评估 The geological hazard assessment should be made up in these places where no geological assessment has been made 27 00:01:45.460 --> 00:01:48.270 那么这就是像我已经主持做过的 So that's what I've done 28 00:01:48.270 --> 00:01:51.880 像我们云南施甸县城的总体规划 Like the master plan of Shidian County in Yunnan Province 29 00:01:52.140 --> 00:01:56.670 那么这也考虑到它是在上游有水库 Considering that it has a reservoir upstream 30 00:01:56.670 --> 00:02:00.110 旁边它是地震易发生地区 Next to it are earthquake prone areas 31 00:02:00.110 --> 00:02:04.300 那么这样的话如何来考虑布局的时候要避让 Then how to avoid disaster when considering layout 32 00:02:04.560 --> 00:02:06.450 如果万一发生地震 In case of an earthquake 33 00:02:06.630 --> 00:02:09.250 水库崩离大坝崩裂以后 After the reservoir collapses away from the dam 34 00:02:09.250 --> 00:02:10.590 水泻下来以后 After the water came down 35 00:02:10.590 --> 00:02:15.170 城区避免受到洪水的冲击 How to avoid the impact of flood on urban area 36 00:02:16.920 --> 00:02:20.600 那么我们当地城市规划中间碰到的防灾点 This is the disaster prevention point in our local urban planning 37 00:02:20.600 --> 00:02:23.190 第二个防灾点是外面城市的洪涝灾害 The second disaster prevention point is the flood disaster in the outside cities 38 00:02:23.680 --> 00:02:26.080 那么现在有这么几个问题 So now there are a few questions 39 00:02:26.590 --> 00:02:31.470 这个城市的抗御洪涝灾害的标准偏低 The standard of flood control in this city is low 40 00:02:31.530 --> 00:02:32.950 抗灾能力弱 Ability to resist disasters is weak 41 00:02:33.520 --> 00:02:36.660 再一个城市跨河发展 On the other hand, the city grew across the river 42 00:02:36.660 --> 00:02:42.750 那么它的防洪交通和景观问题的协调比较突出的 So the coordination of flood control traffic and landscape problems is quite prominent 43 00:02:42.960 --> 00:02:47.790 所以我们的对策是要避开洪水易发区 So our strategy is to avoid flood prone areas 44 00:02:48.090 --> 00:02:50.580 来选择城市的建设用地 To choose urban construction land 45 00:02:51.610 --> 00:02:58.080 第二个要根据城市所在地区的城市的暴雨强度公式 The second is to study the urban topography and geomorphology according to the rainstorm intensity formula 46 00:02:58.340 --> 00:03:03.510 还有水文的情况来研究城市地形地貌属性 and hydrological conditions of the city in the city area 47 00:03:03.510 --> 00:03:07.360 来科学确定防洪的排涝标准 To determine the flood control standard scientifically 48 00:03:08.370 --> 00:03:14.980 第三个综合布局城市内部和周边建设的桥梁 The third is the comprehensive layout of bridges 49 00:03:15.750 --> 00:03:16.560 堤坝 Dykes and dams 50 00:03:17.060 --> 00:03:18.300 滨河绿地 Riverside green space 51 00:03:18.550 --> 00:03:19.490 滨河路 Binhe Road 52 00:03:19.700 --> 00:03:24.230 还有像其它的各种各样的坝子等 各种各样的堤坝 And other kinds of dams, dikes built in and around the city 53 00:03:24.230 --> 00:03:27.990 那么这样的交通和景观工程设施 So such traffic and landscape engineering facilities 54 00:03:27.990 --> 00:03:30.690 它要满足防洪的要求 It should meet the requirements of flood control 55 00:03:31.950 --> 00:03:39.990 那么这个就像我们这一次日本的311地震引发的海啸 Like the tsunami caused by the 311 earthquake in Japan 56 00:03:40.290 --> 00:03:44.020 这样一来 海啸越过了它的海堤 The tsunami came over its seawall 57 00:03:44.050 --> 00:03:46.330 冲到陆地中来 and into the land 58 00:03:46.550 --> 00:03:49.670 这样引起了核电站的泄漏 Caused the leakage of nuclear power plant 59 00:03:49.880 --> 00:03:54.770 所以日本根据这个灾害的教训 So Japan learned from this disaster 60 00:03:55.200 --> 00:04:01.120 他们在提出城市的滨海地区用地和堤防的组合方式 They proposed a combination of land use and embankment in the coastal area of the city 61 00:04:01.120 --> 00:04:06.710 那么它第一个阶段是用于提防的 是防御海浪海潮的 The first stage is used to guard against waves and tides 62 00:04:06.940 --> 00:04:11.160 那么第二个阶段用于就是说是平灾的场地 Then the second stage is the site for disaster relief 63 00:04:11.160 --> 00:04:13.270 就是用于防灾疏散的 It's for disaster prevention and evacuation 64 00:04:13.510 --> 00:04:19.050 那么把建设的用地建在海啸所 Build the land for construction 65 00:04:19.670 --> 00:04:21.320 不能涉及到地区 in areas not covered by the tsunami 66 00:04:21.320 --> 00:04:22.860 那么这是比较安全的 It's safer 67 00:04:24.780 --> 00:04:27.990 那么城市总体规划中的第三个防震问题 So the third problem of earthquake prevention in urban master plan 68 00:04:27.990 --> 00:04:33.000 就是我们城市疏散安全通道和避难场所的布局 It's the layout of our city's evacuation routes and shelters 69 00:04:33.570 --> 00:04:35.770 那么这又碰到这么两个问题 So there are two problems 70 00:04:35.770 --> 00:04:39.360 一个是如何布局疏散的通道 One is how to arrange the evacuation passage 71 00:04:39.360 --> 00:04:41.630 第二个如何布局避难场所 Second, how to arrange the shelter 72 00:04:42.800 --> 00:04:45.910 那么这个里边要考虑 就是说我们的对策 So we have to think about our strategy in this 73 00:04:46.100 --> 00:04:48.600 第一个就是根据道路网的规划 The first is according to the planning of the road network 74 00:04:48.710 --> 00:04:51.290 我们综合考虑城市地形地貌 We comprehensively consider the natural environment conditions 75 00:04:51.290 --> 00:04:54.890 水系风向等自然环境条件 such as urban topography, water system, wind direction, etc 76 00:04:55.170 --> 00:04:58.650 那么要和城市的建设用地布局结构 Then it should be combined with the layout structure of urban construction land 77 00:04:58.860 --> 00:05:01.160 基础设施的布局状况结合 and the layout of infrastructure 78 00:05:01.160 --> 00:05:03.940 研究疏散通道的合理性 Study the rationality of evacuation routes 79 00:05:04.010 --> 00:05:07.370 并对道路网作出必要的调整 And make necessary adjustments to the road network 80 00:05:07.780 --> 00:05:10.350 这里面特别要强调的 What is particularly important in this 81 00:05:10.350 --> 00:05:14.890 如果我们一旦把这些道路确定为疏散通道以后 Once we identify these roads as evacuation routes 82 00:05:15.260 --> 00:05:20.170 必须保证这些道路在24小时之内发生地震 It must be ensured that these roads are accessible 83 00:05:20.220 --> 00:05:23.010 各种灾害的时候 车辆是通行的 when there is an earthquake or various disasters within 24 hours 84 00:05:23.560 --> 00:05:24.620 所以这样的话 So in this case 85 00:05:24.620 --> 00:05:30.440 对于道路两侧的建筑物的高度进行严加的控制 The height of buildings on both sides of the road must be strictly controlled 86 00:05:30.640 --> 00:05:34.450 对道路上空的构筑物必须进行严加的控制 So as the structure over the road 87 00:05:34.640 --> 00:05:36.400 这是疏散通道的确定 his is the rules of the evacuation passageway 88 00:05:36.400 --> 00:05:42.540 而不是我们想象中的把道路网中的道路都变成了 Instead of turning the roads in the road network into evacuation routes 89 00:05:42.540 --> 00:05:43.000 疏散通道 as we imagined 90 00:05:43.000 --> 00:05:46.280 而是我们确定主要的疏散通道是哪些 It's about identifying the main evacuation routes 91 00:05:46.280 --> 00:05:47.840 就必须力保它的 Then make sure it 92 00:05:48.600 --> 00:05:49.390 第二个对策 The second countermeasure 93 00:05:49.510 --> 00:05:50.810 在这个基础上 On this basis 94 00:05:50.810 --> 00:05:56.050 结合中小学 大型公共绿地 广场等规划布局 Combined with the planning and layout of primary and secondary schools, large-scale public green spaces, squares, etc 95 00:05:56.490 --> 00:06:02.360 考虑应急避难和长期避难场所的设计 Consider the design of emergency shelter and long-term shelter 96 00:06:02.850 --> 00:06:08.400 那么要注意这些场所的置设的安全和环境问题 So pay attention to the safety and environmental problems of these places 97 00:06:08.800 --> 00:06:12.830 这里面特别要考虑的就是第一个 这些场所设置 The first is the most important consideration, the setting up of these places 98 00:06:13.050 --> 00:06:17.160 一个是我谈到的是应急避难和长期避难 One is about emergency and long-term asylum I mentioned before 99 00:06:17.390 --> 00:06:18.740 应急避难指的是什么 What does emergency shelter mean 100 00:06:18.740 --> 00:06:24.560 发生地震的几分钟时间就要赶快的到逃到那些避难场所去 In a few minutes of the earthquake, we need to get to those shelters as soon as possible 101 00:06:25.030 --> 00:06:27.150 而且都是可以能站起来的 And people can stand upright 102 00:06:27.570 --> 00:06:32.490 那么长期避难是地震发生以后 房子倒塌了 So the long-term refuge is that after the earthquake, the house collapsed 103 00:06:32.700 --> 00:06:37.720 那么要在那住下来的 要有帐篷的或者板房的 And those who want to live there must have tents or plank houses 104 00:06:37.720 --> 00:06:40.800 那么这个人要能躺下来的 So this requires people to be able to lie down 105 00:06:40.800 --> 00:06:46.120 而且还要需要在里面要进行各种各样的生活活动的 And we need to have all kinds of activities in it 106 00:06:46.120 --> 00:06:48.310 所以用地面积也比较大 So the land area is also relatively large 107 00:06:48.580 --> 00:06:52.300 那么所以这里面首先考虑这种场所自身的安全 So first of all, consider the safety of this place 108 00:06:52.540 --> 00:06:53.610 这要考虑什么 What to think about 109 00:06:53.610 --> 00:06:54.710 它的服务半径 Its service radius 110 00:06:55.150 --> 00:06:57.980 就是我们避难场所的均等性 It's the equality of our shelters 111 00:06:57.980 --> 00:07:00.140 你要离这个比较方便 You need to be convenient 112 00:07:00.280 --> 00:07:01.460 才能好到那里去 to get there 113 00:07:02.940 --> 00:07:06.710 第四个问题就是我们城市生命线系统的安全 The fourth problem is the safety of our urban lifeline system 114 00:07:07.360 --> 00:07:10.630 那么我刚才谈到过了生命线系统 So I just talked about lifeline system 115 00:07:11.040 --> 00:07:17.870 它包括了我们的供电 通信 供水这些设施 It includes our power supply, communication and water supply facilities 116 00:07:18.300 --> 00:07:20.870 那当然这个地方还包括 Of course, it also includes 117 00:07:20.870 --> 00:07:21.800 医务救疗系统 the medical rescue system 118 00:07:22.120 --> 00:07:22.970 所以这样的话 So in this case 119 00:07:22.970 --> 00:07:26.730 城市这些系统的安全怎么考虑 How to consider the safety of these systems in cities 120 00:07:26.980 --> 00:07:29.700 那么现在碰到这么三个问题 So now here are three problems 121 00:07:29.700 --> 00:07:32.180 第一个是城市现有的生命线系统 The first is that the reserve capacity of the existing lifeline system 122 00:07:32.180 --> 00:07:35.160 它的备用容量小 in the city is small 123 00:07:35.390 --> 00:07:36.790 抗灾能力弱 Weak to resist disasters 124 00:07:36.790 --> 00:07:38.760 这是我们现在普遍存在 This is a common problem we have now 125 00:07:39.280 --> 00:07:42.250 第二个城市现有的生命系统的工程 The second is the project of urban existing life system 126 00:07:42.250 --> 00:07:44.940 管线的敷设的情况都比较差 The pipeline laying is poor 127 00:07:45.870 --> 00:07:48.840 这些管线都有大部分是老化了 Most of these pipelines are aging 128 00:07:48.840 --> 00:07:50.150 容易受到破坏 Vulnerable 129 00:07:50.350 --> 00:07:52.640 尤其是在老城区 Especially in the old city 130 00:07:52.910 --> 00:07:55.850 那么这些管线已经埋下去几十年了 So these pipelines have been buried for decades 131 00:07:56.030 --> 00:07:59.030 那么这个就是它的管系的老化比较突出 So this is the aging problem of its piping system 132 00:07:59.470 --> 00:08:02.170 第三个城市现有的生命系统 The third is that most of the existing life systems 133 00:08:02.170 --> 00:08:05.320 大部分设施都处于地面上的 in the city are on the ground 134 00:08:05.320 --> 00:08:07.340 容易受到袭击破坏 Vulnerable to attack 135 00:08:07.570 --> 00:08:11.690 所以这是我们在生命系统中的碰到三个问题 So these are the three problems we encounter in the life system