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For

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Yeah

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thank you very much

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I think I try to speak without the microphone

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Please let me know

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particularly in the background

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If if IT's too large

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IT's not loud enough just to indicate to me to be louder

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I'm very glad I must say

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um

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given this opportunity to teach today here

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And as i've already been introduced

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i'm coming from private university and I want before I dive into this topic of the smart city

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I want to give a little bit more of a background after this nice introduction of this gun

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Um

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you find again what has been said

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I just want to add um

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that i'm building up a new research group on urban environmental governance

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And that's the topic I I focus on

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And um

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i've also got a background in science and technology studies which brought me actually from geography to this topic of the smart city

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And the reason um

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that has also been said already

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The reason why why I came here to china for the first time is the a project um

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that has also already been mentioned on smart cities in europe and china

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And we had a project meeting in ningbo just last week

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And uh

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I want to give you a little background on this project

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So the the objective

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the overall objective of the project is to study a smart and eco urbanism when it comes together

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the ambition of municipal administrations and other actors to become a smart city or to develop a smart city and to develop an eco city at the same time

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So we look at this interplay of those two agendas

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if you want

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And um

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this has to do with positioning cities with competition

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but also we want to look at the implementation and material changes and institutional changes and um

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the means that we have as a team is

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um

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to compare cases in china and europe and not only um

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european versus chinese and also chinese

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those chinese and that versus u k united kingdom cases and german cases with branch spaces and so on

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And we also compare not only cities as such

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we understand them as containers of city projects an eco city projects

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And we also compare was on the individual projects against each other because uh

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and urban development here

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And there's a new app developed there

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And those projects are what we are interested in

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but also how they build up a broader agenda for particular city

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So the specific objects are objectives

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It should say objectives

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um

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is to identify patterns in the governance of those processes

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the governance of the projects and of the overall development of the city

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and also explore potential for learning

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And I think that made the european uh

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finders give us the money that we said

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We want to look learn how low earning can happen across cities

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And of course

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we also want to come to policy recommendations with regard to the governance of the projects

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And the overall process is also with regard to framework conditions that are favorable of smart equal development

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So

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um

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just a few last words on this project

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Um

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it will last for three years

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We are through the first year

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First year has just been completed with this meeting last week in ningbo

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And actually the finding is a bit strange for european context

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IT's not the european commission finding us

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IT's not one agency

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but IT's actually many

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And you see here that um

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in the uk

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I think

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yeah

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in in unITed kingdom

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IT c s r c in the meadowlands

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IT's another dutch founder

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And um

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I appreciate funding of the german research funding association d f k and in time you'll see is n s f c and um

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the partners

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Um

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actually the lead partner is kings college in london

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And then we are from universities in nottingham

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ningbo

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china

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This is the chinese partner also in the netherlands

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It raised freiberg germany to lose westminster and cardiff

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So we have quite a large consumption

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So

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um

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well

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the talk of today

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as it has been said

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I would like to have two major parts

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One being really as i've been asked to talk about the smart city in germany

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uh

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and I said right away

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actually

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there's not that much

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You know

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there's nothing to show of um

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from german cases

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You know

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um

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I said I propose different topics

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but people said no

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no

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we want to learn about german smart city

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So and actually i'm i'm quite happy to talk about it because also what is going on and what is not going on is interesting

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I think

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Um

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so I I talk about this in the first step and then give some examples from two major cities in germany

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hamburg and munich in the north and in the south

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And then discuss on the priorities of those developments and the obstacles also for smart city smart eco city development in the cities

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And it will be the first part

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And then I also give two more cases of something that is not really smart city development

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but which I find also still very interesting and indicative with regard to urban development of today

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So I talk about actually the the district that i'm living at in fiber along and before give a case from the war area

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which is industrial area

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um

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in uh

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in bottom and the so called bottom innovation city

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And then finally reflects

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So that's that's the plan

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And right away

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smart city

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You know

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and you've heard many times

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That is a very important term nowadays

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And as an indication

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i've just looked at scientific publications

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So an indicator for me is how much it is written about in scientific journals

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So i've i've reviewed a big database of scientific articles

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science direct

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which is easily accessible

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And i'll just end at smart city or smart cities in the euro

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And you see how it's developed

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Can you see actually

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yeah

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so actually

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IT's a rather linear a IT's a steady increase in numbers

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And then in the last four years

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IT's really nearly x financial growth

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In the last few years

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IT's been really a great improvement

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Oh

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I mean I I great increase in the numbers

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So what is it

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I don't want to spend much time on defining it for one reason

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uh

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because you've already heard a lot about it

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But the second reason is that I think really that's but I think really IT's necessary that in every cITy you define individually what makes our cities smart

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What is that we want to develop into

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I was sixteen

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So I I I think you could debate a lot about what are the real definition of the smart city is

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But that's an academic debate

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And it's very important

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If something is used as a guideline on urban development

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it needs to be specific of the place

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And it needs to be specific of the kind of the people speaking about this place

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Nevertheless

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I would suggest

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uh

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one definition

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just as a working definition for today

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Um

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and the shortest definition that I could find of the smart city is the one by betty at all as a smart city is a city in which ict with isa tv information and communication technology is merged with traditional infrastructure as coordinated and integrated using new digital digital technologies

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So that is in very short

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I I think

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a useful appreciation approach to smart cities and secondly

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it reflects the core of many practitioners

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definitions of the smart city

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So I would like to keep this in mind for the lecture as a definition

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And now come to some findings because what we did in germany

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I mean in all countries

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we scan all our cities

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Well

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there is a small city and eco city development

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So we check for particularly ambitious environmental policies and for ambitions to become a smart city

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It does not need to be called smart city

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In france

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for example

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IT's called build antigens

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So we looked for that as well or a digital city or innovation city

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So we scan the web

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the internet for the ambitions of the city

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And in germany

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we are we are very lucky because every city has got one particular website of the city

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which is easy to find

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which is the city name dot d e so it's a good entry point

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And then you can study how the city is presented

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So we did this for all us shame

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It says seventy nine

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So we've got eighty one cities above one hundred thousand inhabitants

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So that's really the biggest we've got

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I mean

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we've got only a few cities with the million or more

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So this is called a large city in germany

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everything that has got more than one hundred thousand inhabitants

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IT's called a smaller a large cITy

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So we skipped all of them

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Eighty one

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that's and we found very few

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actually

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um

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municipalities that are really committed to become a small city

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Many want to become an eco city or an environment

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uh

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pioneer city

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but very few actually aim at becoming a smart city

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And of those who have the ambition

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very few have more than some few individual projects

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And if you then look for those who are really coordinated

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IT's even fewer

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And I I find a particular development that there were a lot of announcements in the years twenty thirteen

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twenty fourteen

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Many mayors say we want to be the first smart city

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the biggest or the best

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But then there's not much follow up

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What you can see

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If you ask people

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we are we are working on it

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you know

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um

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but there's a few cities where to which every excellent refers if you ask them what what's the smart city in germany

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People say we are go for hamburg munich burden like the big cities and cologne

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That's really the four biggest cities

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If you are not considering the big metropolitan areas

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if you just go for the city's these are the four biggest cities

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So counting

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discounting them

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Eighty one overall

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So in in thirty four

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in more than half

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we didn't find any ambition to become a smart city

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In nineteen of them

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we found few projects and little coordination between the projects

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No guiding document

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for example

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This is how we want to become this modern city

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And um only nineteen we find something like a real development and coordinated development towards smart city

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And this actually is very much in line with a a big overview over all european cities that has been done in fifteen has been published in twenty fifteen by the european union by the general director

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IT's on um

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internal policies

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It has been published and they said

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overall in europe

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you find in scandinavia you find virtually all large cities aim to become smart city aim to become smart city in austria

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the netherlands

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IT's more than half its a majority

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And I I know that and we've got no partners in italy

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Um

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but I know it from austria that actually all large cities and you become smart

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um

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cities and in the lab metal

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And it's also many in uk

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spain

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france

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IT's about half

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I don't know

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exactly in france

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IT could be and germany

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poland

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that's really related to the curriculum

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That's that's true