WEBVTT 1 00:00:13.320 --> 00:00:15.940 巴黎的母亲河 Mother river in Paris 2 00:00:16.910 --> 00:00:21.870 那么当然这个城市是围绕着和母亲河去发展 Then, of course, the city is around the river and mother to develop. 3 00:00:21.870 --> 00:00:25.620 就像上海的围绕着苏州河黄浦江的发展一样 Just like Shanghai's development around the Suzhou river, the Huangpu river. 4 00:00:26.050 --> 00:00:29.840 那么这条江带我们看整个发展的一个过程 So this river takes us to see the whole process of development. 5 00:00:30.820 --> 00:00:33.970 城市原来都很小1835年是吧 The city used to be small, right? 6 00:00:33.970 --> 00:00:36.560 然后再慢慢的去放去扩大了 And then slowly let go and expand. 7 00:00:36.560 --> 00:00:42.070 到了1900年爱在右又不断的去放大到1960年 By 1900, love was on the right and constantly enlarged to 1960. 8 00:00:42.650 --> 00:00:47.200 那么到了上一世纪的末 So by the end of the last century 9 00:00:47.560 --> 00:00:51.210 这个城市就在不断的去拓展 The city is expanding. 10 00:00:51.410 --> 00:00:56.730 那么这个拓展当然我们看到的这些拓展实际上是刚才前面讲的经济 So this expansion, of course, we are seeing these expansion is actually the economy that we talked about earlier. 11 00:00:56.730 --> 00:01:00.690 社会这个人是一种集聚的状态 Society is a state of gathering. 12 00:01:01.030 --> 00:01:04.890 这个过程由E8当然这个城市还会更早 This process by E8, of course, the city will be earlier. 13 00:01:04.890 --> 00:01:11.750 工业革命开始这些工业化早期国家开始这个城市就开始发展一 The industrial revolution began in these early industrialized countries, and the city began to develop. 14 00:01:11.750 --> 00:01:15.850 1835年到了大概一百多年的时间 1835 was about a hundred years. 15 00:01:16.310 --> 00:01:18.330 那么这一百多年时间的发展 So the development of these more than one hundred years 16 00:01:18.330 --> 00:01:26.860 当然我们现在看到整个地域的发展已经远远超出了城市的一个行政的 Of course, we now see the development of the entire region has gone far beyond a city's administrative. 17 00:01:26.860 --> 00:01:27.160 范围 Range 18 00:01:27.160 --> 00:01:31.990 刚才讲从原来这个城市原来很小到现在这么大 Just now I said that the city was so small that it is so big now. 19 00:01:31.990 --> 00:01:35.300 所以我们简单的我们再来看看这个有多大的范围 So let's just take a look at the scope of this 20 00:01:35.770 --> 00:01:36.840 最小的范围 Minimum range 21 00:01:36.840 --> 00:01:38.980 就前面里面最核心的范围 Just the core of the front 22 00:01:38.980 --> 00:01:41.960 实际上巴黎只有105平方公里 In fact, Paris is only 105 square kilometers. 23 00:01:41.960 --> 00:01:45.010 这里面看到的几多少区是吧 How many areas are there? 24 00:01:45.160 --> 00:01:50.770 我们看到大家要说20个区这样一个范围 We see that we are going to talk about a range of 20 districts. 25 00:01:50.770 --> 00:01:53.480 这是巴黎当然是巴黎 This is Paris, of course. 26 00:01:53.480 --> 00:01:54.200 但这是巴黎 But this is Paris 27 00:01:54.360 --> 00:01:55.570 这又不是巴黎 This is not Paris 28 00:01:55.570 --> 00:01:57.250 而不是完全的巴黎 Rather than Paris in its entirety 29 00:01:57.250 --> 00:01:57.670 对吧 Right 30 00:01:57.720 --> 00:01:59.630 巴黎这只是巴黎的一部分 Paris, it's just part of Paris. 31 00:01:59.820 --> 00:02:01.520 说市区好 Say the city is good 32 00:02:01.520 --> 00:02:02.960 如果再往这后面看 If you look back here 33 00:02:03.360 --> 00:02:05.820 从巴黎市区到巴黎中心城区 From downtown Paris to central Paris 34 00:02:05.820 --> 00:02:13.320 巴黎的中心城区已经包括了市区和超出它这个范围的其他的行政区划 The center of Paris already includes the city and other administrative divisions beyond it. 35 00:02:13.320 --> 00:02:19.990 就是把周围的三个省一起包括进来有700多平方公里相应的人口 That is, the three provinces around the inclusion of more than 700 square kilometers, the corresponding population. 36 00:02:19.990 --> 00:02:26.160 所以大家知道人口差不多1万人左右一个人口密度的分布 Therefore, we all know that the population is about 10, 000, and the distribution of population density. 37 00:02:26.520 --> 00:02:27.800 再大的看 Look big 38 00:02:27.800 --> 00:02:30.730 如果从大巴黎的角度来讲 From the point of view of Paris 39 00:02:30.730 --> 00:02:33.580 还外围要再加上七个省 Seven provinces will be added to the periphery 40 00:02:34.350 --> 00:02:36.600 这是它的行政地域有多少 This is how many administrative areas it has 41 00:02:36.600 --> 00:02:38.340 12000平方公里 12000 square kilometers 42 00:02:38.340 --> 00:02:42.680 然后范围I从它的范围里面一千多万人占百分 Then range I from its scope, more than 10 million people accounted for 100 percent. 43 00:02:42.940 --> 00:02:43.720 这是 This is 44 00:02:44.230 --> 00:02:45.730 你说哪个都是巴黎 Which one do you say is Paris? 45 00:02:45.730 --> 00:02:49.670 但是我们要看从哪个角度要去干什么 But we have to see from which angle to do. 46 00:02:50.030 --> 00:02:51.790 去拿这个对象去干什么 What are you going to do with this guy? 47 00:02:51.970 --> 00:02:52.190 是吧 Right 48 00:02:52.590 --> 00:02:54.930 是所以这样一个地域 Yes, so such a region. 49 00:02:55.070 --> 00:03:00.290 我们就可以看整个巴黎市区加上外面的七个省市 We can look at the whole city of Paris, plus the seven provinces and cities outside. 50 00:03:00.750 --> 00:03:06.990 最核心的就是里面这块105平方公里的就是一小块在外面这一块 The core is the inside of this 105 square kilometers is a small piece outside this piece. 51 00:03:06.990 --> 00:03:09.860 里面非常核心的内容 The very core content 52 00:03:10.010 --> 00:03:13.570 它当然我们如果说有机会去或者了解相应的资料 Of course, if we have the opportunity to go or understand the relevant information. 53 00:03:13.570 --> 00:03:15.400 能知道它的功能 Can know its function 54 00:03:16.400 --> 00:03:17.680 是最核心的 Is the core 55 00:03:17.680 --> 00:03:21.870 是承载着它可能是一个全球服务的这样一种功能 Is carrying it may be a global service of such a function. 56 00:03:21.870 --> 00:03:22.330 是吧 Right 57 00:03:22.520 --> 00:03:29.080 然后更外围的好700多平方公里的加上外围的三三个省 Then more than 700 square kilometers of the periphery, plus the three provinces on the periphery. 58 00:03:29.320 --> 00:03:31.100 把外围的三个省加在一起 Add up the three provinces on the periphery 59 00:03:31.100 --> 00:03:33.320 700多平方公里的范围 ... an area of more than 700 square kilometres. 60 00:03:33.600 --> 00:03:35.380 在原来的基础上进一步扩大 Expand further on the original basis 61 00:03:35.380 --> 00:03:36.180 这是一个 This is a 62 00:03:36.430 --> 00:03:39.600 当然最大的就是我们去好就是这样一个 Of course, the biggest thing is that we go well, that is one. 63 00:03:40.520 --> 00:03:44.350 所以这是一个城市在发展过程当中 So this is a city in the process of development. 64 00:03:44.460 --> 00:03:52.100 随着它的功能逐渐的它对应的一些空间的变化 As its function gradually, it corresponds to some of the changes in space. 65 00:03:52.640 --> 00:03:56.770 所以不同的空间上它有不同的一种功能的体现 So it has different functions in different spaces. 66 00:03:56.900 --> 00:03:57.480 好 Well 67 00:03:57.480 --> 00:04:00.540 换一个伦敦是吧 Change it to London isn't it 68 00:04:00.540 --> 00:04:05.660 伦敦我们简单的看整个这样一个发展的过程 London, we simply look at the whole process of such a development. 69 00:04:05.860 --> 00:04:06.320 是吧 Right 70 00:04:06.320 --> 00:04:12.960 这个过程从19世纪伦敦当然同样也是英国作为最发达的城市 The process from the 19th century to London, of course, is also Britain as the most developed city. 71 00:04:13.180 --> 00:04:16.260 早期工业革命的核心 The heart of the early industrial revolution 72 00:04:16.660 --> 00:04:17.860 不断的发展过程 Continuous development process 73 00:04:18.160 --> 00:04:22.250 我们知道从原来我们大家可以有一个参照看弯头 We know from the original we can all have a reference to look at the bend. 74 00:04:22.250 --> 00:04:25.060 看看这个地方比较明显是吧 Look at this place, is it obvious? 75 00:04:26.200 --> 00:04:28.360 这个点好一一路过来是吧 It's a good point, isn't it? 76 00:04:28.360 --> 00:04:31.560 到这里到这里已经到里面来 Come here, come here, come inside. 77 00:04:31.940 --> 00:04:35.260 所以大家现在会关心这个地方叫门口 So now everyone will care about this place called the door. 78 00:04:35.260 --> 00:04:41.340 这部分的位置叫伦敦的KTV就是门户东南的门户 This part of the location is called London KTV is the portal southeast. 79 00:04:41.340 --> 00:04:44.960 那么D从原来的外围逐渐变到里面来 So d is going from the outside to the inside 80 00:04:44.960 --> 00:04:46.440 随着时间的发展 Over time 81 00:04:46.440 --> 00:04:52.730 逐渐的由原来的工业码头变为他不需要工业了 Gradually, from the original industrial pier to he does not need industry. 82 00:04:52.730 --> 00:04:55.830 不需要制造业不需要那么多的物流 Do not need manufacturing, do not need so much logistics. 83 00:04:56.170 --> 00:04:57.660 它就要改变它的功能 It will change its function. 84 00:04:57.660 --> 00:04:58.910 同时改变这个功能 Change this function at the same time 85 00:04:58.910 --> 00:05:03.790 同时也是改变了城市的格局 At the same time, it also changed the pattern of the city. 86 00:05:04.310 --> 00:05:06.300 所以刚才讲的Y的地方 So where I was talking about y 87 00:05:06.470 --> 00:05:07.190 这地方叫什么 What is the name of this place? 88 00:05:07.410 --> 00:05:12.790 这地方叫I到克兰就是伦敦的码头区 This place is called I to crane, which is the end of London. 89 00:05:13.010 --> 00:05:15.690 原来都是这个地方都是码头 It turns out this place is full of docks 90 00:05:17.350 --> 00:05:18.930 泰晤士河的弯 The bend of the Thames 91 00:05:18.930 --> 00:05:21.320 然后这边是一个伦敦的市内的一个机场 Then this is an airport in the city of London. 92 00:05:21.320 --> 00:05:25.390 还有一个比较大的是希斯罗阿希斯罗机场比较大的 There is a larger Heathrow, a larger Heathrow airport. 93 00:05:25.550 --> 00:05:27.570 我们再看地域的发展 Let's look at the development of the region. 94 00:05:28.670 --> 00:05:30.150 刚才说弯头 Just said the bend 95 00:05:30.770 --> 00:05:40.560 弯头现在看到这里的都这些码头的仓储的跟生产相关的东西都没有了 Bend now to see here, all of these terminals with the storage of production-related things are gone. 96 00:05:41.900 --> 00:05:44.080 有了什么有了就是居住 If you have anything, you have to live. 97 00:05:44.080 --> 00:05:45.330 有了这些商务 With all this business 98 00:05:45.480 --> 00:05:48.740 这是它的核心区叫金丝雀码头 This is its core area called canary wharf 99 00:05:48.740 --> 00:05:51.050 就这地方也是个很核心的一个 This place is also a very core one. 100 00:05:51.530 --> 00:05:54.510 我看到我们现在在不断地在发展 I see that we are constantly developing now. 101 00:05:54.510 --> 00:05:56.030 在拓展这个地区 Expanding the area 102 00:05:56.470 --> 00:06:00.020 由结构的调整有城市的发展 Urban development by structural adjustment 103 00:06:00.020 --> 00:06:00.450 好 Well 104 00:06:00.450 --> 00:06:02.880 我们大家看到几年以前 We all saw a few years ago. 105 00:06:02.880 --> 00:06:06.470 他刚才看到了这个点就是在这里是吧 He just saw this point, right? 106 00:06:06.470 --> 00:06:07.490 这个点就在这里 This point is here 107 00:06:07.490 --> 00:06:10.450 然后就弯头这个地方就是这个地方 And then you bend your head this is the place 108 00:06:10.450 --> 00:06:17.240 那么在后面大概距离我们能够比较知道2012年的伦敦奥运会的 Well, it's about a distance from the back, we can know more about the London Olympics in 2012. 109 00:06:17.240 --> 00:06:19.670 奥运村组整个 The entire Olympic village group 110 00:06:20.030 --> 00:06:28.960 那么欲大家看看前面的这些在奥运会之前和奥运会变奥运会之后 So I want you to look at the front of these before the Olympic games and the Olympic games after the change. 111 00:06:29.080 --> 00:06:33.790 以及奥运会开了以后的这样一个这个地域 And after the Olympic games opened, such a region. 112 00:06:33.790 --> 00:06:40.850 实际上这些地域它本身的它的变化都是随着城市的发展 In fact, these areas, its own, its changes are with the development of the city. 113 00:06:40.850 --> 00:06:43.070 城市的功能的变化 Changes in the functions of cities 114 00:06:43.290 --> 00:06:44.510 功能居住工作 Functional residential work 115 00:06:44.510 --> 00:06:47.970 交通游戏要落到空间上去 Traffic games should fall into space. 116 00:06:48.270 --> 00:06:52.370 所以这实际上也是一个城镇化的一个变化的过程 So this is actually a process of urbanization. 117 00:06:52.610 --> 00:06:56.230 从简单讲城镇化从乡村变为城市的过程 The process of urbanization from village to city 118 00:06:56.480 --> 00:07:00.390 这个过程体现在空间上 This process is embodied in space. 119 00:07:00.390 --> 00:07:04.670 当然这空间背后还有很多经济社会的一些因素 Of course, there are many economic and social factors behind this space. 120 00:07:05.150 --> 00:07:06.900 同样我们要结合在一起考虑 In the same way, we should consider it together. 121 00:07:06.900 --> 00:07:10.390 我想这是一个好这样一种过程 I think this is a good such a process. 122 00:07:10.390 --> 00:07:12.720 当然它规律有什么 Of course what's the rule 123 00:07:12.720 --> 00:07:14.160 有什么样的规律吗 What kind of rules do you have? 124 00:07:14.320 --> 00:07:16.510 是为什么向东走不向西走 Why do you walk east instead of west? 125 00:07:16.780 --> 00:07:21.300 或者我们讲上海先要向浦东地方去发展 Perhaps we should say that Shanghai should first develop to the Pudong area. 126 00:07:21.920 --> 00:07:24.800 向外围城市在不断的扩张 Expanding to the periphery 127 00:07:24.850 --> 00:07:26.030 关系是什么 What is the relationship? 128 00:07:26.230 --> 00:07:28.780 所以我讲城市和区域的发展 So I talk about the development of cities and regions. 129 00:07:28.780 --> 00:07:32.030 实际上用最简单的一个城市和区域 Actually with the simplest city and region 130 00:07:32.030 --> 00:07:33.450 就一个是核心 One is the core 131 00:07:33.450 --> 00:07:34.170 一个是基础 One is the foundation. 132 00:07:34.170 --> 00:07:37.370 我们用最简单的两句话来表述 We put it in the simplest two sentences. 133 00:07:37.370 --> 00:07:39.440 城市是区域的核心 The city is the core of the region. 134 00:07:39.720 --> 00:07:41.380 区域是城市的基础 The region is the foundation of the city. 135 00:07:42.010 --> 00:07:44.160 怎么来体现核心 How to embody the core 136 00:07:44.390 --> 00:07:48.460 我们要用到一个城市经济的一个基础理论 We should use a basic theory of a city economy. 137 00:07:48.720 --> 00:07:51.880 我们所有的城市当中有很多活动 There are many activities in all our cities. 138 00:07:51.880 --> 00:07:53.520 有很多功能 There are many functions 139 00:07:53.520 --> 00:07:54.680 居住工作 Residential work 140 00:07:54.680 --> 00:08:00.070 交通游戏是满足这些功能的表现 Traffic games are the performance of satisfying these functions. 141 00:08:00.300 --> 00:08:03.890 但是这些功能我们可以用另外一个角度来说 But these functions, we can use another perspective. 142 00:08:03.890 --> 00:08:10.170 所有的这些活动我们都可以把它分成叫基本活动跟非基本活动 All these activities can be divided into basic activities and non-basic activities. 143 00:08:10.790 --> 00:08:19.700 这是来认识一个城市内在的这个作用的一个很重要的一个划分 This is a very important division to understand the role inherent in a city. 144 00:08:20.060 --> 00:08:21.010 看起来很简单 It looks simple 145 00:08:21.010 --> 00:08:22.350 基本非基本 Basic nonessential 146 00:08:22.350 --> 00:08:25.050 那么基本和非基本就是一个城市 Then basic and non-basic is a city. 147 00:08:25.050 --> 00:08:29.760 我们城市的发展是要为外埠地区来服务的 The development of our city is to serve the overseas areas. 148 00:08:29.760 --> 00:08:30.420 叫上海 Shanghai 149 00:08:30.420 --> 00:08:33.640 我刚才讲6000多平方公里不够 As I said just now, more than 6000 square kilometers is not enough. 150 00:08:33.880 --> 00:08:42.840 还有对更外部的地区服务为长三角为将为江浙两省为江浙沪皖三省 There are more external regional services for the Yangtze river delta for the two provinces will be Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Zhejiang provinces. 151 00:08:42.840 --> 00:08:44.270 甚至更大的地区 Even bigger areas 152 00:08:44.790 --> 00:08:46.700 那么从此除此以外 Then beyond that 153 00:08:46.700 --> 00:08:52.860 还有一些非基本的为城市本身的居民 There are also some non-basic for the city itself residents. 154 00:08:52.980 --> 00:08:54.040 我们有2000多万人 We have more than 20 million people. 155 00:08:54.040 --> 00:09:02.860 所以有很多这些基本的一些需要城市的发展的一些核心 So there are a lot of these basic things that need to be the core of urban development. 156 00:09:02.860 --> 00:09:09.100 最重要的是在于这是城市发展的一个最重要的一个内在的动力 The most important thing is that it is one of the most important internal driving forces of urban development. 157 00:09:09.450 --> 00:09:11.630 所以大家要做很多 So we have a lot to do 158 00:09:12.360 --> 00:09:15.460 每个城市都希望提升自己的级别等级 Every city wants to upgrade its level. 159 00:09:15.460 --> 00:09:18.080 说我这个城市我要成为金融中心 I want to be a financial center in this city. 160 00:09:18.570 --> 00:09:19.580 你如果就这么点人 If you only have so few people 161 00:09:19.580 --> 00:09:22.790 你谈何金融中心就是要外部服务的是吧 What do you mean by financial centres? 162 00:09:22.790 --> 00:09:24.420 是上海市金融中心 Shanghai financial center 163 00:09:24.790 --> 00:09:26.480 广州市要成金融中心 Guangzhou to become a financial center. 164 00:09:26.480 --> 00:09:29.670 天津要成为华北的金融中心都在 Tianjin will become a financial center in north China. 165 00:09:29.670 --> 00:09:32.030 所以这是两个简单的关系 So this is two simple relationships 166 00:09:32.030 --> 00:09:33.710 那么一方面说核心 So on the one hand, the core 167 00:09:33.710 --> 00:09:39.200 另外一方面我想我们外部地区作为一个基础 On the other hand, I think our external areas as a basis. 168 00:09:39.750 --> 00:09:44.350 有哪些可以成为它的基础来支撑这个城市的发展 What can be its foundation to support the development of the city? 169 00:09:44.600 --> 00:09:48.070 有很多自然地理自然资源 There are many natural geographical natural resources. 170 00:09:48.280 --> 00:09:51.840 区域经济区域的基础和这地理位置等等 The basis of regional economy, the location, etc. 171 00:09:51.840 --> 00:09:53.550 这些都是它的基础 These are the foundations of it. 172 00:09:55.980 --> 00:09:57.130 自然的条件 Natural condition 173 00:09:57.570 --> 00:10:00.380 上海长江在长三角上 The Yangtze river in Shanghai is on the Yangtze river delta 174 00:10:00.380 --> 00:10:02.360 为什么上海能发展起来 Why can Shanghai develop? 175 00:10:02.810 --> 00:10:04.670 在长三角地区 In the Yangtze river delta region 176 00:10:05.510 --> 00:10:09.490 为什么珠三角地区也能发展起来 Why can the pearl river delta region develop? 177 00:10:09.900 --> 00:10:19.220 因为在珠三角这个词首先是一个自然的概念 Because the word "pearl river delta" is first and foremost a natural concept. 178 00:10:20.410 --> 00:10:22.420 三角洲地区对吧 The delta, right? 179 00:10:22.420 --> 00:10:24.200 三角洲地区就是我们讲 The delta region is what we're talking about 180 00:10:24.200 --> 00:10:26.770 而且这个地区就是一个三角的一个地域 And this area is a triangle. 181 00:10:27.190 --> 00:10:35.010 为什么三角这个地域这个地域就是由于河流主要的河流在从上游到 Why the triangle this area is due to the river, the main river from the upstream to. 182 00:10:35.010 --> 00:10:38.670 下游慢慢地变宽要到出海口 The lower reaches slowly widen to reach the sea 183 00:10:38.890 --> 00:10:41.150 不管是长江出海口 Whether it is the Yangtze river that opens to the sea. 184 00:10:41.150 --> 00:10:45.650 还是珠江的出海口慢慢变宽 Or the mouth of the pearl river slowly widen. 185 00:10:45.650 --> 00:10:50.310 大家知道从流体力学截面变宽 You know, from the hydrodynamics section 186 00:10:50.310 --> 00:10:54.410 流速下降速度降慢速度变慢以后 After the velocity has slowed down 187 00:10:54.410 --> 00:10:56.160 从上游到下游下来 From upstream to downstream 188 00:10:56.160 --> 00:11:01.890 水体里面的这些这些物质就会慢慢地沉淀下来 These substances in the water will slowly settle down. 189 00:11:02.530 --> 00:11:04.430 长年累月沉淀下来 Precipitation over a long period of time 190 00:11:04.430 --> 00:11:06.540 它就沉入变成陆地 It sank into the land 191 00:11:06.540 --> 00:11:09.760 所以这个地域的一个最大的特点就是很肥沃 So one of the biggest features of this area is that it is very fertile. 192 00:11:09.880 --> 00:11:12.010 土壤土地很肥沃 The soil is very fertile. 193 00:11:12.010 --> 00:11:16.200 所以土地肥沃的一个直接的一个影响就是这地方农业好 Therefore, a direct effect of fertile land is that the local agriculture is good. 194 00:11:16.200 --> 00:11:18.940 另外农业原来靠天吃饭靠地是吧 Besides, agriculture used to depend on the weather for food, right? 195 00:11:18.940 --> 00:11:20.770 所以这个地方能长出东西来 So this place can grow things 196 00:11:20.770 --> 00:11:25.030 所以经济发达的地区通常首先是农业发展 Therefore, economically developed areas are usually the first to develop agriculture. 197 00:11:25.030 --> 00:11:27.550 农业发展以后它就有了 After the development of agriculture, it will have. 198 00:11:28.480 --> 00:11:32.190 有了更多的人他可以从农业当中转移出来 With more people, he can be transferred from agriculture. 199 00:11:32.470 --> 00:11:32.780 对吧 Right 200 00:11:32.820 --> 00:11:34.550 所以自然的条件 So natural conditions 201 00:11:35.310 --> 00:11:41.000 当然还有其他的水文这些气候等等各方面 Of course, there are other aspects of hydrology, climate, and so on. 202 00:11:41.360 --> 00:11:44.970 你想平原地区发展到了山区 Do you think the plain area has developed into a mountainous area? 203 00:11:44.970 --> 00:11:46.700 他可能就会受限制 He may be restricted. 204 00:11:46.950 --> 00:11:48.240 所以这个地域都是 So this area is 205 00:11:48.600 --> 00:11:54.140 所以我们说好有很多自然的条件 So we agreed that there are a lot of natural conditions. 206 00:11:54.140 --> 00:11:58.040 但是不是所有的一些条件都能够为我们所用 But not all of the conditions can be used by us. 207 00:11:58.920 --> 00:12:06.770 自然资源是条件当中自然条件当中能够为我们所利用来创造这些财富 Natural resources are the conditions in which natural conditions can be used by us to create these wealth. 208 00:12:06.940 --> 00:12:10.220 在现阶段如果说我们发现了很多资源 At this stage, if we say that we have found a lot of resources. 209 00:12:10.220 --> 00:12:12.130 但是资源我们没法用 But we can't use the resources. 210 00:12:12.130 --> 00:12:15.180 我们只能还不能够叫做资源 We can only not be called resources. 211 00:12:15.930 --> 00:12:17.290 所以带有很多 So there's a lot 212 00:12:17.290 --> 00:12:19.650 所以这些长年累月形成的 So these are years and months 213 00:12:19.890 --> 00:12:21.930 比如说在上海你就找不到 For example, you can't find it in Shanghai. 214 00:12:21.930 --> 00:12:24.920 这是上海地下会有由爱不可想象 This is Shanghai underground will have by the love unthinkable. 215 00:12:24.920 --> 00:12:27.000 因为这是一个承诺的一个过程 Because this is a process of commitment. 216 00:12:27.000 --> 00:12:27.320 对吧 Right 217 00:12:27.520 --> 00:12:30.140 这是一个地质变化构成一个过程 This is a geological change that constitutes a process. 218 00:12:30.330 --> 00:12:32.720 那么好在有些地方它能够发展 Well, in some places it can develop. 219 00:12:33.170 --> 00:12:34.930 我们看到大家都熟悉 We see that everyone is familiar. 220 00:12:34.930 --> 00:12:36.530 是吧 Right 221 00:12:37.370 --> 00:12:38.600 石油城市 Petroleum city 222 00:12:38.850 --> 00:12:40.770 像这种我们简单叫他磕头机 Like this, we simply call him kowtow. 223 00:12:40.960 --> 00:12:42.390 一个个很分散 One by one is very scattered. 224 00:12:42.390 --> 00:12:43.980 都是一对一的很分散 It's all one-on-one, very scattered. 225 00:12:43.980 --> 00:12:47.070 然后慢慢去收集去集中起来 Then collect it slowly and gather it together. 226 00:12:47.070 --> 00:12:48.410 这个是一个城市 This is a city. 227 00:12:48.840 --> 00:12:50.720 这不是所有的地方都会有 It's not everywhere. 228 00:12:50.720 --> 00:12:54.540 但是这个地方一旦有了这些资源 But once this place has these resources 229 00:12:54.690 --> 00:12:57.430 它就能够得到某种发展的机会 It can get some kind of development opportunity. 230 00:12:57.730 --> 00:12:58.620 我们简单的 Our simple 231 00:12:58.620 --> 00:12:58.810 好 Well 232 00:12:58.810 --> 00:13:00.130 我们举个例子是吧 Let's give an example, shall we? 233 00:13:00.130 --> 00:13:02.060 这个是在新疆 This is in Xinjiang. 234 00:13:02.230 --> 00:13:05.010 新疆的地域 The region of Xinjiang 235 00:13:05.010 --> 00:13:08.330 北面是克拉玛依 To the north is Karamay 236 00:13:08.330 --> 00:13:09.890 大家知道克拉玛依油田 You know the klamay oil field 237 00:13:10.040 --> 00:13:14.520 这是克拉玛依以南以南的大概有一百多公里的地方 This is about one hundred kilometers south of Karamay 238 00:13:14.520 --> 00:13:16.190 有个地方这个地方叫独山子 There's a place called Dushanzi 239 00:13:16.190 --> 00:13:17.270 属于克拉玛依的 Karamay 240 00:13:17.270 --> 00:13:19.080 还有一个旁边有个奎屯 And there's a Kuitun by the side 241 00:13:19.080 --> 00:13:21.850 当然那边还有一个叫乌苏 Of course, there's another named usu over there. 242 00:13:22.000 --> 00:13:23.310 实际上是三个 Actually three 243 00:13:23.370 --> 00:13:27.790 构成了一个新疆的天山北麓的一条带 A belt forming the northern foothills of the Tianshan mountains in Xinjiang. 244 00:13:27.940 --> 00:13:34.010 所以原来这个地方是给克拉玛依炼油的 So it turns out that this place is refining for Karamay 245 00:13:34.010 --> 00:13:37.870 所以这里面这个地方有炼油厂 So there's a refinery in this place 246 00:13:38.130 --> 00:13:40.130 后来到了80以后 And then after 80 247 00:13:40.290 --> 00:13:46.090 到了80年代开始立项建炼化 By the 1980s, the project began to build and refine. 248 00:13:46.090 --> 00:13:47.840 所以就有了乙烯 So there's ethylene 249 00:13:48.010 --> 00:13:49.390 开始是14万吨 Starting at 140,000 tons 250 00:13:49.390 --> 00:13:50.630 我开始会很惊讶 I'm starting to be surprised 251 00:13:50.630 --> 00:13:52.310 说为什么14万吨 Say why 140,000 tons 252 00:13:52.740 --> 00:13:56.850 我们国家所有的除了这个以外 All in our country except this 253 00:13:57.860 --> 00:13:58.900 金山石化 Jinshan petrochemical 254 00:13:58.900 --> 00:14:01.240 上海的扬子石化 Yangzi petrochemical in Shanghai 255 00:14:01.240 --> 00:14:03.420 燕山石化大庆石化 Yanshan petrochemical Daqing petrochemical 256 00:14:03.420 --> 00:14:05.680 所有的石化几乎所有的 All petrified almost all 257 00:14:06.120 --> 00:14:07.200 国际上也是这样 The same is true internationally. 258 00:14:07.200 --> 00:14:09.570 乙烯的项目一上就是30万吨 The ethylene project is 300, 000 tons. 259 00:14:09.990 --> 00:14:11.360 它也是规模效益 It is also economies of scale. 260 00:14:11.360 --> 00:14:12.810 说这地方有14万吨 Said the place had 140,000 tons 261 00:14:12.810 --> 00:14:16.430 然后慢慢再扩大到2021万吨 Then slowly expand to 2.21 million tons. 262 00:14:16.430 --> 00:14:19.290 然后再现在就非常大 And then reappear in very large 263 00:14:19.410 --> 00:14:20.550 现在这个率很大 This rate is very high now. 264 00:14:20.550 --> 00:14:21.530 那么几率很大 So the odds are good 265 00:14:21.530 --> 00:14:23.540 它就不是在练克拉玛依的油 It's not practicing klamay's oil 266 00:14:23.540 --> 00:14:26.010 还是从独联体国家进来 Or from the cis countries 267 00:14:26.010 --> 00:14:27.390 这是一个区位非常好 This is a very good location. 268 00:14:27.850 --> 00:14:30.450 所以资源就非常重要的一个 So resources are very important. 269 00:14:30.610 --> 00:14:31.370 这是一个 This is a 270 00:14:31.370 --> 00:14:34.720 所以它会带动整个地区 So it will drive the whole area 271 00:14:34.950 --> 00:14:42.020 这个地区现在是天山北麓的经济区当中经济带当中一个非常重要的 This area is now the northern foot of the Tianshan economic zone, which is one of the most important economic zones. 272 00:14:42.020 --> 00:14:42.600 一个点 A point 273 00:14:42.860 --> 00:14:44.730 所以这是它的一个前提 So this is a premise 274 00:14:45.040 --> 00:14:46.360 那么这是另外一个 So this is another one 275 00:14:46.560 --> 00:14:48.220 这是另外一种资源 This is another resource. 276 00:14:48.220 --> 00:14:51.290 当然这个资源也不是这是煤矿 Of course, this resource is not, this is a coal mine. 277 00:14:51.290 --> 00:14:55.330 而且这是我们国家最大的一个露天煤矿 And this is one of the largest open-pit mines in our country. 278 00:14:56.170 --> 00:14:57.420 在哪里知道吗 Where do you know? 279 00:14:59.750 --> 00:15:00.620 抚顺 Fu shun 280 00:15:00.790 --> 00:15:02.300 辽宁的抚顺 Fushun of Liaoning province 281 00:15:02.510 --> 00:15:03.880 沈阳的东边 East of Shenyang 282 00:15:04.610 --> 00:15:07.370 这是我们露天煤矿最大的 This is the largest of our open-pit mines. 283 00:15:07.560 --> 00:15:09.580 我不是说煤煤田最大 I don't mean the biggest coal field. 284 00:15:09.580 --> 00:15:11.090 但露天煤矿最大 But open-pit mines are the biggest 285 00:15:11.490 --> 00:15:16.120 那么好这个地域有了资源 Well, the area has resources. 286 00:15:16.120 --> 00:15:23.950 所以它就带动了东北地区它的这种重化工业的发展 Therefore, it has driven the development of the heavy chemical industry in northeast China. 287 00:15:24.720 --> 00:15:26.760 但是发展到一定程度以后 But to a certain extent, 288 00:15:26.760 --> 00:15:29.760 这个地方从上一世纪90年代 This place from the 1990s 289 00:15:29.760 --> 00:15:32.580 实际上是80年代末就开始在讨论 In fact, the discussion began in the late 1980s. 290 00:15:32.580 --> 00:15:37.940 就是叫资源枯竭型城市如何去发展 That is, how to develop a resource-exhausted city 291 00:15:37.940 --> 00:15:40.920 因为它的煤会慢慢的会挖煤了 Because its coal will slowly dig coal. 292 00:15:42.330 --> 00:15:43.550 没有了怎么办 What should I do without it? 293 00:15:43.700 --> 00:15:45.470 所以它的结构需要调整 So its structure needs to be adjusted. 294 00:15:45.470 --> 00:15:46.010 对吧 Right 295 00:15:50.620 --> 00:15:53.550 抚顺的西露天矿 Fushun's xilutian mine 296 00:15:53.690 --> 00:15:54.830 所以这是一个 So this is a 297 00:15:55.170 --> 00:15:57.780 所以这是我们大家很容易理解 So it's easy for all of us to understand. 298 00:15:57.780 --> 00:16:03.530 有气有油有没是有的地方有气有很多 Is there a lot of gas in some places? 299 00:16:03.870 --> 00:16:05.930 还有些其他的 There are others 300 00:16:06.420 --> 00:16:08.440 我相信很多人都去过 I believe many people have been there. 301 00:16:09.120 --> 00:16:16.440 这是在昆明离昆明大概不到一百平方一百公里的石林 This is the stone forest in Kunming, which is less than one hundred square kilometers from Kunming. 302 00:16:16.760 --> 00:16:17.350 爱 Love 303 00:16:19.090 --> 00:16:19.920 都知道 Everybody knows 304 00:16:20.440 --> 00:16:22.120 所以大家都会到了昆明 So everyone will arrive in Kunming. 305 00:16:22.120 --> 00:16:24.080 到了云南都会去 Will go to Yunnan. 306 00:16:24.310 --> 00:16:31.410 那么当然这里面还有很多由于这些自然的景色有很多其他的 Well, of course, there's a lot of it, because of the natural scenery, there's a lot of others. 307 00:16:31.570 --> 00:16:34.530 所以好好我们今天会看到非常漂亮是吧 So okay we're going to see very beautiful today aren't we 308 00:16:34.530 --> 00:16:36.500 阿斯玛有很多故事 Asima has many stories. 309 00:16:36.500 --> 00:16:37.470 这是资源 This is the resource. 310 00:16:37.470 --> 00:16:38.900 这是旅游资源 This is a tourist resource. 311 00:16:39.110 --> 00:16:40.910 这是有背后还有文化 There is a culture behind it. 312 00:16:40.910 --> 00:16:42.290 还有什么 What else? 313 00:16:42.520 --> 00:16:45.810 但是这个地方这是什么 But what is this place? 314 00:16:46.040 --> 00:16:50.330 这这是一个从地质上来讲 This is a geological view. 315 00:16:50.470 --> 00:16:55.260 我不知道我们有没有很学地质的爱卡斯特地貌 I don't know if we have a geologically-friendly cast. 316 00:16:57.240 --> 00:16:58.570 喀斯特地貌 Karst landform 317 00:16:58.830 --> 00:17:01.800 那么我再给大家看看卡斯特地貌 So let me show you the castle landscape 318 00:17:02.290 --> 00:17:05.180 如果你们看到了这样的喀斯特地貌 If you see this karst landscape 319 00:17:05.810 --> 00:17:06.890 会激动吗 Will you be excited? 320 00:17:07.090 --> 00:17:08.420 不会激动 Not excited 321 00:17:08.420 --> 00:17:14.940 I当地的人还会犯愁怎么办 I what to do if the local people are worried? 322 00:17:16.950 --> 00:17:20.900 因为人要靠这些这些产出 Because people depend on these outputs 323 00:17:21.360 --> 00:17:23.670 所有的这些都是石头 All these are stones. 324 00:17:24.220 --> 00:17:25.500 所以这石头又叫什么 So what is the name of the stone? 325 00:17:26.100 --> 00:17:28.780 我们在又叫石漠化 We are also called Shi Yan. 326 00:17:28.780 --> 00:17:30.600 大家知道沙漠化 You know desertification 327 00:17:31.330 --> 00:17:32.820 所以又是石漠化 So it's the stone bat again 328 00:17:32.820 --> 00:17:40.890 那么石漠化就是一种西南的岩溶地区特有的一种非常脆弱的生态现象 Then, the rock is a very fragile ecological phenomenon in the karst area of southwest China. 329 00:17:41.180 --> 00:17:45.490 他可能有的这个地方上面有土层非常薄 He may have this place with very thin soil. 330 00:17:45.990 --> 00:17:49.130 烧得经过人的这样一种破坏 To burn through such destruction. 331 00:17:49.310 --> 00:17:50.890 或者说人为的这种活动 Or artificial activity of this kind 332 00:17:50.890 --> 00:17:52.940 他就变成完石头 And he turned to stone 333 00:17:52.940 --> 00:17:54.650 那么石头大家知道什么都不长 So the stone, as we all know, is not long. 334 00:17:54.790 --> 00:17:55.330 你怎么活 How do you live? 335 00:17:56.130 --> 00:18:00.930 所以这也是一个非常重要的一种 So this is also a very important kind. 336 00:18:03.350 --> 00:18:06.110 地质或者一种自然的一种现象 Geology or a natural phenomenon.